http://museum-security.org/
securma@xs4all.nl
SITE MAP

December 18, 1998

CONTENTS:

- Dawn raid nabs Lindsay painting (Sydney Morning Herald)
- La Fenice's silence is the same old song in Italy (Richard Owen)
- International Journal of Cultural Property
- SA's heritage crumbles away. National cultural treasures are falling into wrack and ruin
- Sculpture of hope ruined by graffiti (Times of London)
- Coins of contention; Turkey battles to recover ancient trove of silver
- Hunt for stolen Birmingham photos reaches Web
- In search of Nazi plunder; Loyola professor tracks art looted during the Holocaust



Dawn raid nabs Lindsay painting

By LES KENNEDY, Chief Police Reporter
Seventy years ago Norman Lindsay painted To the Elect as a gift for his second wife, Rose. The watercolour depicted the nude women and Pan-like mythical creatures for which the artist, who retreated to the Blue Mountains, became famous. An art dealer, Mr Tom Mathieson, estimates the painting, measuring 60 by 70 centimetres, is worth $50,000. But the painting and Lindsay's etching from it, valued at almost $10,000, are missing after a smash and grab robbery at Mr Mathieson's gallery at Ramsgate yesterday. Detective Senior Constable Martin Hayston of Kogarah police said the robbery at the Australian Art and Investment Gallery in Rocky Point Road happened shortly before 4am. The 1928 painting and etching had recently been advertised in a local newspaper and art catalogue as being for sale. "One of the display windows was smashed, someone has climbed in, grabbed the painting and etching and left all within a minute," Constable Hayston said yesterday. The Lindsay works were the only items stolen from among 140 art works on sale. The thieves fled before a private security patrol arrived within minutes to answer the alarm. Art dealers have been asked to report anyone offering the works for sale and Customs has been alerted in case someone tries to smuggle them overseas. Anyone with information to assist police in locating the works is asked to contact Kogarah Detectives on 95880499.
This material is subject to copyright and any unauthorised use, copying or mirroring is prohibited.


La Fenice's silence is the same old song in Italy

FROM RICHARD OWEN IN VENICE
NEARLY three years after Venice's magnificent La Fenice opera house was destroyed by fire, the theatre is still a ruin and the project to restore it is at a standstill. Experts involved in the restoration now admit that there is no prospect of the baroque 18th-century opera house being reopened on schedule for the millennium, and some even say it will never be rebuilt at all. "This is a very Italian scandal," says Professor Paolo Costa, the former rector of Venice University and now a city councillor. "The work is being held up by legal challenges over the rebuilding contract. But it is also a symptom of a much deeper Italian disease - the tendency to start big construction projects and then let them drag on for years." Donations have poured in from well-wishers, with further funds provided by the central and regional governments. But the initial emergency work - removing rubble and shoring up the remaining walls of the structure - swallowed up £10 million. According to the schedule, the lost interior should now be rising again, with local craftsmen lovingly recreating the rococo interior of stalls and boxes, stuccoed walls, velvet curtains and gilded ceilings. In fact the theatre presents a sorry sight. The decorated façade, which was largely left intact, has been cleaned, but is hidden by scaffolding and high wooden screens. No work has been done for nine months. The restoration was started by Impregilo, an Italian construction firm owned by Fiat. But at the beginning of this year the contract was challenged by Holzmann Romagnoli, a German-Italian consortium which had been the runner-up in the contract race. It argued successfully in the courts that the Impregilo bid was artificially low. In July, a court ordered Impregilo to stop work and hand over to its rival. But the two firms remain locked in a legal battle over compensation.
La Repubblica noted that the debacle was "just another nail in the coffin of a dying city".


http://www.oup.co.uk/intjcp/

International Journal of Cultural Property

The International Journal of Cultural Property, published by OUP from 1998, is a major forum for the discussion of all questions relating to cultural property policy, ethics, preservation, economics and law.


SA's heritage crumbles away

National cultural treasures are falling into wrack and ruin because of an R8,8-billion shortfall in funds

MICHAEL SCHMIDT
MUCH of South Africa's cultural heritage is under threat as museums and monuments fall apart at the seams because the Department of Public Works cannot raise the R8,8-billion it needs to maintain its assets.
National treasures like the 17th-century Slave Lodge in Cape Town and the Byzantine-style synagogue in Pretoria - where President Nelson Mandela and his co-accused appeared in the Rivonia treason trial in 1962, and where the 1977 inquest into the death of Steve Biko was held - are falling into ruin. The three-storey building housing the priceless archives of the National Cultural History Museum in Pretoria has been left to fall apart because there is no money to fix it. The museum's collection of African artefacts, dating back 200 000 years, is under threat. Even the Union Buildings in Pretoria have suffered rainwater leakage in the library, though they, like the Palace of Justice in Pretoria and The Castle in Cape Town, are one of Public Works' key renovation projects and are undergoing a R40-million face-lift. Other threatened buildings and exhibitions include: The Colonial Building in Maritzburg, which was stripped of its protective copper roof cladding by thieves; The Old Station in Elandshoek, Mpumalanga, which was vandalised; The Old Bellevue School in Somerset East, Eastern Cape, which has rotten floorboards and a tree growing through a wall; The 1902 Charlestown magistrate's court near Volksrust, Mpumalanga, which had its corrugated iron walls and doors stolen; and The Michaelis Collection in Cape Town, the best exhibit of Dutch and Flemish art outside the Netherlands, which has no proper climate control mechanism needed to preserve the paintings for future generations. No maintenance has been done on the building for six years. The occupational health and safety section of the Department of Labour has called for an urgent meeting with the Department of Public Works in an attempt to resolve the crisis. Faiza Salie, the Department of Labour's chief health and safety inspector, said that as many as 60 percent of the state's 200 000 buildings would probably contravene the Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1993. "We hear a lot about conditions that are not conducive to health and safety, such as dangerous lifts - and we have lots of multistorey public buildings with lifts," she said. Sivi Gounden, deputy director-general of Public Works' accommodation, said the department's annual emergency fund of R90-million left "very little" (about R450) for each building. "This is crisis management. We are handling it on a case-by-case basis, only intervening where there is a threat to life and limb," he said. Frans Basson, spokesman for Arts, Culture, Science and Technology Minister Lionel Mtshali, said conditions under which national collections were housed were viewed "in a serious light" and had "top priority". He said that despite a need for maintenance, no buildings were in such a poor condition that museum collections, staff or visitors were in danger. But top museum staff disputed this. "I am appalled at how our buildings have deteriorated in the last few years," said Rocco Human, administrative head of the SA Cultural History Museum in Cape Town. "Public Works tells us we are on a maintenance programme but repairs get postponed every year. Our heritage is slipping down the drain." He said three museums - the Slave Lodge, the Koopmans de Wet House and the Bo-Kaap Museum - were "in a terrible condition" and had not been repaired in five years. "There are cracks in the walls of the Slave Lodge that you can see right through, some of the window shutters are broken and the whole place is a fire hazard." Glyn Balkwill, deputy director of collections for the National Cultural History Museum, which runs nine facilities including Paul Kruger's house, said no preventive maintenance had been done on any of their buildings for four years. He recently submitted a 40-page report to Public Works demanding action. "We're very concerned about all of our buildings," he said.


Sculpture of hope ruined by graffiti

BY RUSSELL JENKINS

SUPERLAMBBANANA was said by its Japanese artist to embody the potential and optimism of Liverpool when it was unveiled in May. The director of the Tate Gallery called the 15-ton half lamb, half banana sculpture a prayer for the city's future. Seven months later the figure, which has been moved from near the Pier Head to Williamson Square, has become of a symbol of inner city decay. Vandals have covered it with graffiti. Names and slogans have been scrawled across its tail and legs in black marker pen. The graffiti upset Olive Davies, 66, who lives near by: "It is an absolute disgrace and proves these people have no respect for anything." SuperLambBanana is positioned in a Liverpool City Council Gold Zone, where cleaning up graffiti is a priority. But it is feared that high pressure water jets used by the council could damage the structure's concrete surface. Tony Siebenthaler, of the Liverpool Architecture and Design Trust, said: "They haven't got the right equipment so we are working out how to clean it before it makes its next move in the new year."



From: w_robinson@globe.com
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1998 08:17:54 -0500
Subject: coins

Coins of contention

Turkey battles to recover ancient trove of silver

By Anne E. Kornblut, Globe Staff, 12/13/98
BAYINDIR, Turkey - The great coin discovery of the century happened almost by chance, rising out of a muddy field to the shouts of three men who simply thought they struck gold. Chasing the whir of a hand-held metal detector, three peasants had rushed to dig a hole, kneeling in soil still wet with rain. When hundreds of shining pieces began to appear, overflowing from a jar lodged in the earth, they jumped up. ''We are rich!'' yelled Ibrahim Basbug. ''We are rich!'' It was, for a brief moment on April 18, 1984, a modern leprechaun tale. But almost as quickly as the peasants could stuff the coins into paper bags, exhuming Athenian decadrachmas buried more than 2,000 years earlier, an epic saga with remarkable twists was beginning to unfold. In the years that followed - as the silver slipped out of Turkey, allegedly into the hands of smugglers and US collectors - it would prompt a lawsuit in Boston federal court, entangling two Harvard classmates and an eccentric billionaire, William I. Koch. Academics would wring their hands over the fate of one of the world's premier antiquities finds. The peasants would go to jail. Even now, as two sides prepare for a trial that pits the Republic of Turkey against the owners of the disputed coins, a moral dilemma persists: Who has a rightful claim to such rare vestiges of the past? In the shadows of the controversy is the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, where the disputed coins were authenticated. A year ago, on another antiquities issue, the MFA came under fire for acquiring pre-Columbian artifacts, despite evidence they were illegally smuggled out of Guatemala. Cornelius C. Vermeule III, curator of the MFA's classical art department for four decades until his retirement in 1996, encouraged Koch to buy the coins. Even after Vermeule received a warning that Turkish authorities were looking for plundered coins, he continued to reassure Koch that his purchase would give ''no cause for regret.'' These days, the coins are locked in a Florida bank vault held by Koch, an investor best known for his family's $35 billion oil company and his 1992 America's Cup win. Rarely shy of a good court brawl - he once took his mistress, Catherine de Castelbajac, to Boston housing court to evict her from his Four Seasons penthouse, and last summer sued his own brothers for $2 billion of the family share - Koch has shown no interest in returning the treasure out of good will. Nor does he see a need to. Along with Jonathan H. Kagan and Jeffrey Spier - friends from Harvard and co-partners in OKS, the corporation that bought the coins - Koch says he acted in good faith in 1984. Furthermore, Koch added in a statement provided to the Globe last week, his is an entirely different hoard - not the so-called ''Elmali hoard'' plundered illegally that year. Turkish officials have amassed evidence to the contrary, including correspondence from foreign experts and essays by Spier himself. They present an apparently simple case: Although some 36 civilizations have occupied Turkish soil over time, the hoard is part of the country's ''national heritage,'' which the United States has agreed to respect since signing the 1970 UNESCO treaty condemning illegal antiquities trades. But the international community has also suffered from the loss, according to even those who would see the hoard sent back. Ozgen Acar, a Turkish investigative journalist who helped break the story, says the coins ''belong to all of humanity.'' ''This hoard is a very important part of a historic chain,'' Acar said, passionately describing the Greek battle victories that might explain the coins' burial, presumably around 465 B.C. Ahmet Ali Senturk, a 68-year-old farmer from Bayindir, is one of the three who discovered the coins after their 24-century interment. Fourteen years later, Senturk is plagued by the discovery, he said during an interview in his home. And he is baffled by the amount Koch and his partners allegedly paid - roughly $3 million for some 1,700 of the coins. Seated cross-legged on a faded cushion in his mud hut, Senturk gazed out the window in silence. Donkeys bleated outside, and as his wife, Huriye, served cups of yogurt milk, Senturk began to talk about the find, which brought him $80 and a year in jail. ''After that, if it was the same experience, I would leave them in the ground,'' he said. ''I wouldn't touch it.'' It started as a lark. Two local men, Bayram Sungur and Ibrahim Basbug, had been scouring the fields with a metal detector for days - common sport in Anatolia, where piles of relics are unearthed illegally every year. They were about to admit defeat when they encountered Senturk on a village path. Senturk insisted they demonstrate the gadget. They piled into Senturk's yellow Fiat - the only car in the 500-resident town - and drove down the hillside to an open farming strip. Basbug got out and waved the machine in the direction of the ground. It buzzed right away. The men assumed it was a fluke. But when the detector kept responding to the site - and none other - they began to dig the soil with their hands. And there, just inches beneath the surface, were the coins - ''big, small, many,'' Senturk recalled. ''Ibrahim was shouting, `We are rich! We are rich!' And I said, let's go to the police. If we give it to them, they will give us a percentage.'' Basbug kissed his friend on the cheek with excitement. ''Nobody will hear about it,'' he told Senturk. ''It will be quiet. Even the roosters in Istanbul won't be heard.'' Senturk drove to Basbug's house, where they stayed up until dawn, counting and washing off some 1,900 coins. The next day, Basbug and Sungur drove to the port city of Antalya to get them appraised, Senturk said. When two pieces sold for about $200 each, they began to realize what they had; Basbug and Sungur flew to Istanbul, tracking down a well-connected smuggler, Fuat Aydiner, in the Grand Bazaar, to unload the rest. But the discoverers' fortunes soon began to reverse. After the sale in Istanbul, two of the peasants were arrested by police acting on a tip. Basbug, Senturk said, had spent the windfall on an alcoholic binge, during which he stood in the middle of the street and shouted, ''We are the three richest men in Turkey!'' He then disappeared. ''I asked him [after he was caught two years later], `Is this the rooster that nobody would hear?''' Senturk recalled. Senturk and Sungur were tried and convicted. Senturk spent a year in jail, and spent the following decade ''getting better'' after the ordeal. But he did not forget the coins: Last year, Senturk testified in preparation for the Turkish lawsuit, examining 200 photographs of Koch's coins. ''There is no doubt in my mind that these coins are among the coins that we dug up in the field,'' he said. By the time the peasants were caught, the hoard had been launched on its international journey, slipping across the border of Turkey into Germany, and ultimately into the hands of American numismatists who knew how extraordinary it was, according to documents filed in Boston federal court. ''It was kind of the King Tut of numismatic discoveries,'' said Thomas Hoving, former director of the Metropolitan Museum in New York. Aydiner, the Istanbul smuggler, had spent more than $500,000 on the hoard, a relative pittance, especially for a cache that included 13 rare Athenian decadrachmas, of which there are only 30 in the world, and the other 1,000 Lycian coins. Aydiner then nearly doubled the price, reselling it to a group of renowned smugglers in Munich - including Edip Telliagaoglu, a convict nicknamed ''blind Edip,'' who had a forbidding reputation, according to court papers. And yet, Turkish officials allege, when the dealers started peddling the hoard around Europe, their dodgy backgrounds failed to dissuade one erudite buyer: Jeffrey Spier, then an archeology PhD candidate at Oxford University. He flew to Munich, setting in motion a purchase that Turkish officials say became part of his doctoral thesis - and, ultimately, spurred the long dispute. After seeing the coins, court documents allege, Spier called Jonathan Kagan, a friend who graduated a year behind him at Harvard, in 1978. Kagan, also a classics enthusiast and a director at the investment firm Lazard Freres, then mentioned the potential purchase to a man who could afford the valuable prize: William Koch. Koch would eventually become a fixture of flamboyance in Massachusetts, annoying his neighbors on Cape Cod with helicopter traffic, publicly evicting his mistress from his luxury condo, and battling the state for what is believed to be the biggest tax refund in history, $47.5 million. But conscientiousness was not his trademark even in 1984, Turkish officials allege. After agreeing to buy into the collection, Koch had it authenticated by Vermeule, an equally idiosyncratic character known for his fluency in seven languages and razor-sharp memory. Shortly thereafter, in July, 1984, Vermeule received a letter from Silvia Hurter, a manager at Bank Leu in Switzerland, who said Turkish authorities were reportedly looking for the illegally smuggled hoard. One month later, according to court documents, Vermeule sent an official letter telling Koch not to worry. He apparently took the advice. Yet other reasons for concern started cropping up. Almost immediately after the sale, Koch and his partners decided they had been cheated, and sued the Munich dealers for pieces that were withheld. Then, in 1986, Acar, heard about the alleged smuggling operation and began working on a story. Other collectors were becoming suspicious. Bruce McNall, the former owner of the Los Angeles Kings, had put 10 pieces up for sale; he returned them to Turkey in 1988 when their origins were questioned. The same year, court papers said, Vermeule wrote to Koch: ''It would be wise to let dust settle before exhibiting the coins. One doesn't want a process server from the Turkish Embassy's New York lawyers!''

Turkey filed suit in 1989.

Koch and his partners deny their coins were among those unearthed by Senturk. By their account, Spier first saw his coins on Feb. 22, 1984, two months earlier. And in an interview last week, Vermeule also denied the disputed coins could have come from Turkey - despite the warnings he issued to Koch in 1984 and 1988. He also said the letter from Hurter was about a hoard ''that may well not be Mr. Koch's coins.'' Whether that argument will succeed will be determined in court. In the meantime, according to Ricardo J. Elia, associate archeology professor at Boston University, the loser is the community at large. ''It's like taking a history book and ripping out the pages,'' Elia said. ''Turkey is responsible for protecting all these centuries of history within its borders. Who else is supposed to protect it?''
This story ran on page A01 of the Boston Globe on 12/13/98.


Hunt for stolen Birmingham photos reaches Web

Rare photos worth $750,000 appear on FBI site after disappearing from Houston hotel

By Mike Martindale / The Detroit News

BIRMINGHAM -- The theft of $750,000 in rare photographs owned by a Birmingham art gallery has made the FBI's National Stolen Art File Web site. The 120 black and white photographs, all owned by the Halstead Gallery, were reported missing on June 10 outside a Houston, Texas, hotel. A spokeswoman at the Halstead Gallery declined to comment on the theft, which remains under investigation, said Frank Agraz a spokesman with the FBI's Houston office. "The amount of this art theft is considerable," said Agraz. "Like in other cases, we utilized the FBI's Web site in the hope that putting the information out will catch someone's attention." Agraz said the rare photographs were stolen sometime between the hours of 5:30 a.m. and 6 a.m. from a 1998 green Dodge Caravan parked at the West Loop Hampton Inn in Houston, Texas. The photographs, listed on the FBI's Web site on Nov. 23, were prints made by some well-known photographers who have chronicled everything from the arrival of early immigrants to the United States to moody portraits of children. Seven stolen photographs featured on the Web page include three by photographer Lewis Hine: Climbing Into America, Ellis Island, New York, a 1905 photograph depicting immigrants arriving in America; Powerhouse Mechanic, a 1925 portrayal of a muscled man leaning on a large wrench; and Man On Hoisting Ball, Empire State Building, New York. Also missing are Half Shell Nautilus, a 1927 still life photograph of a seashell by Edward Weston; Fifth Avenue Row House, a 1936 photograph by Berenice Abbott and two character portraits by Paul Strand. The FBI maintains a computerized list of art objects stolen throughout the United States and the world. The National Stolen Art File was created by the FBI because of an increasing number of thefts in art and cultural items. The Halstead Gallery case is among a list of thefts which includes a 1727 Stradivarius violin; a Rembrandt painting; and a 15th-century Russian Icon removed from a church. Anyone with information about the stolen photographs is asked to contact the Detroit FBI at (313) 965-2323.

Stolen Art

The FBI's National Stolen Art File includes cases of missing historical art work. Pieces must be valued at $2,000 or more and be connected with a major crime. The Web site is one of several links available on the FBI's national Web page. The site can be accessed at http://www.fbi.gov/art.htm


From: w_robinson@globe.com
Subject: Forwarding page one piece in Monday Baltimore Sun

In search of Nazi plunder
Loyola professor tracks art looted during the Holocaust

By Michael Hill Sun Staff

The path leading from artworks looted by the Nazis to their rightful owners often goes through a garret-like office in a building at Loyola College. There history professor Jonathan Petropoulos keeps the results of six years of combing the archives of European museums and dealers, institutions and individuals -- work that has produced two books and made him a leading authority on the subject. Two weeks ago, he positively identified a Monet on display at Boston's Museum of Fine Arts as one taken by the Nazis from the Paris gallery of Paul Rosenberg, who fled France in 1940 and whose family still has a gallery in New York. The Rosenbergs are expected to seek recovery of the painting. Earlier this month, Petropoulos spoke at two international gatherings of officials considering how to recover the loot from the Holocaust, a still-unresolved issue that resonates more than a half-century later. "When I was in graduate school, it was a matter of documents and archives," Petropoulos said. "Now I have met some of the victims and have some feel for them. There is a human dimension to this history." There is, it turns out, also a practical dimension to his abstract academic work. It hit home for this 37-year-old California native when he addressed the conference on Holocaust restitution held at the National Archives facility in College Park. "I was talking and I looked over and saw that Stuart Eizenstat was scribbling furiously," he said, referring to the undersecretary of state who has become the U.S. government's point man on this subject. "I thought maybe he was going to tell me I was out of time. But then I realized he was taking notes," Petropoulos said. "On what I was saying." He clearly is more accustomed to Loyola undergraduates taking notes on his lectures than undersecretaries of state. But Eizenstat said Petropoulos should not underestimate his importance. "His work was seminal in the progress that we made," Eizenstat said. "The fact that he spoke as an academic expert, someone who did not have an ax to grind, gave him a credibility that was important in influencing the delegates," Eizenstat said, emphasizing that those delegates went on to agree to principles for tracking and returning art that went far beyond his expectations going into the conference. Said Petropoulos: "It is satisfying to know that my efforts have some practical consequences." Petropoulos, at once soft-spoken and enthusiastic, said his fascination with World War II dates to his childhood and his father's stories of living in Athens, Greece, under German occupation, of tearing down the swastika flag that flew over the Acropolis when the Nazis fled. In graduate school at Harvard, he found what every Ph.D. candidate is looking for -- "a gap in the literature" -- when he decided to write about Nazi art collecting: who in the Nazi hierarchy collected what and why. Three years of scouring the archives in Germany -- "The Nazis were fanatical record-keepers" -- led to his first book, "Art as Politics in the Third Reich," published in 1996. It was only the first chapter. Three more years in archives led to his second book, due out next spring. "The Faustian Bargain" looks at what Petropoulos calls "the second tier," a group of art professionals -- museum directors, academics, critics -- who could have left, but who agreed to work with the Nazis in return for access to the immense hoards of art they were collecting from across the continent. "What was chilling was what happened to these people after the war," Petropoulos said. "They were rehabilitated and resumed their careers. They went right back into their professions. They all had very important positions -- museum directors, dealers, academics, critics. "That's one reason for the book -- they may have avoided justice after the war, but they are not going to get away with it in the eyes of history," he said. "I must say that I identify with them to some extent. They were academics, intellectuals, professionals. The study poses a question that hit home with me: What would I have done in similar circumstances?" Though the book focuses on people who are long dead -- German law keeps personal papers sealed for 30 years after a death -- Petropoulos interviewed many living Germans and Austrians who traveled in the Nazi art world. "Most of them met me for lunch at restaurants. They would not let me into their homes," he said. "I don't think they wanted me to see what was in their personal collections." Though this book is done, Petropoulos' research continues. The agreements reached at the recent conference should open up more archives and documents. He sees a chance that the advancing age of the people he has met will help as well. "I hope some of them, as they approach the end of their lives, will want to make a full accounting of what they did," he said. "For now, they are still guarded, still secretive. I'm sure there are vaults in Swiss banks that are full of looted art." For Petropoulos, what was once an academic exercise has become something of a crusade. On the computer in his office at Loyola, where he has taught for four years, is a Web site, The Documentation Project, launched recently by him and a small group of academics. Among its many documents are pictures of the loot piled up in the Jeu de Paume museum in Paris, where the Nazis stored much of their stolen French art. Click on almost any painting or object and a detailed image appears on the screen along with information on its identity. "Many of these images we have found have never been seen before" said Elizabeth Simpson, a professor at the Bard Graduate Center in New York and chair of The Documentation Project. "Our goal is to produce something that is historically relevant that will also be relevant to people trying to recover their works of art." Petropoulos said there is something special about finding lost art. "It's not like gold or a bank account. The people trying to recover art are not usually that interested in the monetary value. These are paintings that hung in people's homes, that were part of their daily lives. "They are a part of a family's history. Recovering them is an attempt to connect with the family members who collected them, an attempt to recover a part of their own history."
Originally published on Dec 14 1998




Main Indexpage